Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling3 (SOCS3) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and to study the correlation between the expression of SOCS3 and signal transducer and activator of trans pSTAT3, and that between the expression of SOCS3 with clinicopathological factors of LSCC. Methods Immunohistochemical staining(SP method) was used for detecting the expression of SOCS3, pSTAT3 in 40 specimens of surgically resected LSCC and 11 of paracancerous normal laryngeal tissue. Results ① The expression of SOCS3 in LSCC was significantly lower than that in normal laryngeal tissue (P=0.000). The expression of pSTAT3 in normal laryngeal tissues was significantly lower than that in LSCC (P=0.000). ② Significant negative correlation was observed between the expression of SOCS3 and that of pSTAT3 (r=-0.459, P=0.003). ③ The expression of SOCS3 was significantly related with the pathologic grading and lymphatic metastasis, but not with the age, gender, and clinical stage of the patients. Conclusion The SOCS3 protein is omniexpressed in all normal laryngeal tissues, but less expressed in LSCC. The expression of SOCS3 is negatively correlated to that of pSTAT3, which suggests that SOCS3 plays an important role in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis in LSCC. The expression of SOCS3 protein is not related to patients’ age, gender, Tstage and tumor position, but related to cell differentiation level and lymphatic metastasis.