OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical features, treatment and curative results of laryngeal nonsquamous cell carcinoma. METHODS:Clinical data of 11 patients with pathologically confirmed primary laryngeal nonsquamous malignancies treated in our department from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 2004 was analyzed retrospectively. Survival analysis was performed with KaplanMeier method. RESULTS:The laryngeal nonsquamous malignancies of the 11 cases included mucoepidermoid carcinoma (2 cases), undifferentiated small cell carcinoma (2 cases), acinic cell carcinoma (1 case), adenocarcinoma (2 cases), adenoid cystic carcinoma (1 case), synovial sarcoma (1 case), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (1 case) and malignant lymphoma (1 case). Of all the 11 cases, 10 underwent surgical treatment ( 5 patients received surgery only, 4 received surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy, 1 received surgery plus radiochemotherapy), 1 received radiotherapy plus chemotherapy. All the cases were followed up 3 to 188 months. The 1 , 3 and 5year survival rates were 90.9%, 51.1% and 38.4% respectively. CONCLUSION:Nonsquamous malignancies of the larynx have their own biological characteristics; lymphatic and distant metastases are relatively common. Surgical resection is the major treatment strategy (excluding malignant lymphoma) with postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy when necessary.