Abstract: Objective To study expression of p38 signaling proteins in olfactory mucosa of rats with chronic rhinitis, in order to elucidate the possible mechanism of olfactory diseases caused by chronic rhinitis, and to provide theoretical base for clinical treatment. Methods The expression of p38 signaling proteins in the olfactory mucosa of 20 rats with chronic rhinitis and that in 20 normal rats were studied by means of immunohistochemical SP method. Results ① The expression of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) in the olfactory mucosa of the rats with chronic rhinitis was higher than that in the normal rat with statistical significance (P<0.05). ② The expression of Phosphop38MAPK in the olfactory mucosa of the rats with chronic rhinitis was higher than that in normal rats also with a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The p38 signal transduction access plays an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis and development of olfactory mucosal diseases in rats with chronic rhinitis.