Objective To study the role of Tolllike receptor 2 (TLR2) and Tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4) in the development of chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps via comparing the expression differences of TLR2/ TLR4 proteins among the chronic sinusitis tissue, nasal polyp, and normal ethmoid mucosa. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used for detecting the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 proteins in 62 specimens of sinusitis and nasal polyps, and in 5 normal ethmoid mucosa. The 62 specimens of sinusitis and nasal polyp were divided into subgroups according to Haikou Standard. The expression of TLR2/TLR4 proteins among different subgroups were also compared. Results ① The expression of TLR2/TLR4 protein could be detected on the epithelial and glandular cells membrane and in plasm in all specimens. ② The expression of TLR2/TLR4 proteins in all subgroups of sinusitis and nasal polyps was significantly higher than that of the controls (P<0.05); and with the increase of grade of sinusitis and nasal polyps, their expression increased (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of TLR2/ TLR4 may be correlated with the pathogenesis of sinusitis and nasal polyps, and TLRs may play an important role in it.