ObjectiveTo explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of branchial cleft malformations (fistula, sinus and cyst).MethodsThe clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment of 31 patients with branchial cleft malformations was summarized. Of them, 7 cases suffered from the first branchial fistula, 6 from the second branchial fistula, 12 from fistula and cyst of the second branchial cleft, and 6 from the third branchial fistula. As for the treatment, 15 cases received revision surgery due to recurrence and 16 were operated for the first time.ResultsWith preoperative rational use of drugs and intraoperative careful dissection, the fistulae, sinuses and cysts were completely excised in all patients. As for the postoperative complications, incomplete palsy of marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve occurred in one patient and pharyngeal fistula in another one. Both of them got cured with conservative management. 27 patients were followed up for more than one year postoperatively, and four have been following up. Up till now, no one got relapse.ConclusionsBe familiar with the pathogenesis of branchial cleft malformations and anatomy of neck, and appropriate choice of operation time are keys to cure these malformations.