Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the effect of modified endaural incision in mastoidectomy with canalwall down.MethodsCholesteatoma in 40 ears was surgically treated via mastoidectomy with canalwall down. The first incision of the modified endaural incision began at “12 o’clock” on the superior meatal wall, then down to about middle region of conchal cavity with an arclike curve, and finally to the outerinferior part of the meatal wall. The second incision was same as the traditional one. After mastoidectomy, the conchalmeatal flap was trimmed for covering the surgical cavity. The conchal cartilage connecting with auricle was trimmed and not explored outside. As control, another 40 ears with cholesteatoma were given mastoidectomy with traditional endaural incision and 40 ears with postauricular incision.ResultsAfter 6~36 months followup, the rate of dry cavity in ears with the modified endaural incision was higher than that with traditional one（χ2=6.49，P<0.05）. The differences of bleeding volume and operation time between the two groups were statistically insignificant (t=1.95，P>0.05; t=2.7，P>0.05). In ears with the modified endaural incision, the bleeding volume was less and operation time was shorter than those with postauricular incision respectively (t=-9.08, P<0.01; t=-10.14, P<0.01), while the rates of dry cavity in two groups were the same (100%).ConclusionsWith advantages of less bleeding, short operation time and ease to perform conchiplasty, the modified endaural incision is worth popularizing application in clinic.