ObjectiveTo analyze the HRCT features of temporal bone in Uygur patients with otitis media, and summarize the regularity of temporal bone anatomic variances in Uighurs.MethodsClinical data and HRCT (both axial and coronal planes) features from 704 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media and 203 healthy adults were analyzed retrospectively. HRCT features including pneumatization of temporal bone, faradvanced sigmoid sinus, high jugular bulb and low brain board were evaluated in both groups. The abovementioned indexes were compared between the otitis media group and the control group, groups of Uygur and Han nationality, cholesteatoma and noncholesteatoma subgroups in otitis media group, national subgroups in cholesteatoma otitis media group.ResultsThe differences of pneumatization of temporal bone, faradvanced sigmoid sinus, and low brain board between the otitis media group and the control group were statistically significant (P<0.05). Those between Han and Uighur subgroups in otitis media group were also statistically significant (P<0.05). In cholesteatoma otitis media group, the differences of faradvanced sigmoid sinus were statistically significant among national subgroups (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe anatomic variances of pneumatization of temporal bone, faradvanced sigmoid sinus, high jugular bulb and low brain board in Uighurs with chronic suppurative otitis media possess regularity, which might facilitate the imaging diagnosis, preoperative design of the surgical approach, intraoperative position and protection of vital structures in otoneurosurgical procedures and lateral cranial base surgery.