Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of simple malformation of ossicular chain.MethodsDiagnosis and treatment of simple ossicular chain malformation was summarized by analyzing clinical data of 6 cases suffering from this malformation diagnosed in our department from Jan 2014 to Jan 2016.ResultsAudiological tests showed moderate to moderatesever conductive and mixed hearing loss in all 6 cases. Surgical exploration confirmed absence of incuse long process in one case and dislocation of incudostapedial joint in another, and their malformations were reconstructed by partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP). Absence of incuse long process and superstructure of stapes and without fixation of stapedial footplate was found in one case and the hearing was reconstructed by total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP). One patient with fixed stapedial footplate got hearing reconstruction by fenestration of the footplate and implantation of Piston. Malformations of incuse and stapes combined with facial nerve straddling vestibular window existed in one case, but hearing reconstruction was declined by the patient’s family. Hearing was reconstructed by implantation of Piston in one patient with malformations of incuse and stapes and ectopic facial nerve inferior to vestibular window. Morphological abnormalities of ossicular chain could be diagnosed by preoperative highresolution computed tomography (HRCT) of middle ear, while dislocation of ossicular joint and fixation of stapes could not be cleared before exploratory operation.ConclusionAccurate audiological examination is the first threshold for the diagnosis of simple ossicular chain deformity. HRCT examination also plays an important role in the diagnosis. To avoid missed diagnosis of simple ossicular chain deformity, tympanotomy is necessary for difficulttoexplain conductive deafness.