Abstract:ObjectiveCranial bone hyperpneumatization is fairly rare but has been increasingly reported in recent years. This article aims to comprehend its pathogenesis via introducing the diagnosis and treatment of one patient suffering from cranial bone hyperpneumatization.MethodsClinical data including clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, diagnosis, surgical procedure and outcome of a patient with cranial bone hyperpneumatization were analyzed retrospectively with literature review.ResultsThe pathogenesis of cranial bone hyperpneumatization might be associated with craniopharyngeal dysfunction, ball valve mechanism and Valsalva technique. In recent years, the research and recognition about it was gradually increased. Cranial bone hyperpneumatization could be presented as cavity formation, local swelling and bone destruction. The lesion might involve calvarium, skull base, upper cervical vertebrae and so on. Definite surgical effect for localized excessive gasification and bone defects has been achieved.ConclusionCranial bone hyperpneumatization is relatively rare. Further acquaintance with its clinical manifestations, imaging performance, diagnosis and treatment can provide reliable evidence for correct identification of this disease in clinical practice.