Primary tumors of the parapharyngeal space (PPS) account for 0.5%-1% of the head and neck tumors, most of them are benign. Salivary gland tumors and neurogenic tumors are the most common. The cervical approach and the cervicalparotid approach are the main methods for the treatment of PPS tumors. There are less primary tumors in the infratemporal fossa (ITF) and most of them are malignant. For surgeries in this area, the ITF approach, the maxillary swing approach, the mandibular swing approach and other approaches can be applied. With the progress of endoscopeassisted transnasal and transoral approaches and the development of robotic surgery and image navigation system, surgical treatment of PPS and ITF tumors is minimally invasive. Multidisciplinary cooperation among the Departments of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Neurosurgery and other related disciplines, and minimally invasive surgery are the development direction of surgical treatment in this region.