ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between the respiratory tract foreign bodies in children and the caregivers’ grasp of the relevant knowledge, understand caregivers' weakness in relevant knowledge, and provide evidence for the prevention of respiratory foreign body so as to reduce the occurrence.MethodsA 1∶2 casecontrol study was conducted to investigate the children admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to Feb. 2018 in a questionnaire survey, including 232 patients in respiratory foreign body group and 464 in nonrespiratory foreign body group. Items such as general situation of the child, general situation of the actual caregiver and his/her knowledge about feeding, education, health as well as first aid were included in the questionnaire. All the data were analyzed statistically using Chisquare test, composition ratio in SPSS 23.0.ResultsPediatric respiratory tract foreign bodies happened in male more than in female, and in rural area more than in urban area. Children younger than 3 years old accounted for 57.76%. In term of knowledge about respiratory tract foreign body, the respiratory foreign body group was less than the nonrespiratory foreign body group.ConclusionStrengthening the health care of the caregivers on respiratory tract foreign body is the key for prevention. Targeted education according to the age is conducive to reducing the occurrence.