ObjectiveTo study the differentiation characteristics and multiple differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in adult nasal respiratory mucosa.MethodsA biopsy of adult nasal cavity respiratory mucosa was collected and cultured; MSCs (in vitro culture) immunofluorescence staining were performed. The MSCs of nasal mucosa was induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, and MSCs from nasal mucosa was induced to differentiate into neurons.Resultsthe results of immunofluorescence staining with Vimentin antibody and Nestin antibody showed that the doublelabeled positive cells were ovoid or round and distributed widely in the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the subcultured MSCs expressed Sall4, CD133, Nestin and Vimentin of the stem cell markers. The results of alizarin red (calcium nodules) staining: MSCs cf nasal mucosa were osteoinductive at 2 weeks, alizarin red staining showed a large number of red calcium nodules on the cell surface, but no significant calcium nodules existed on the surface of MSCs without induction, only a small amount of alizarin red staining of alkaline phosphatase staining: MSCs 2 after the induction of the cultured nasal mucosa into osteoblasts were stained purplish blue by alkaline phosphatase staining at 2 weeks, and the uninduced MSCs were extremely light blue staining. After induction of MSCs with nerve induction medium, the cells were differentiated significantly into neuronal cells at 2 weeks. The cells were more elongated projections issued and connected with each other, the most cells showed BM88 and NF200 positive staining. The cells in the control group were very weak fluorescence staining with long shuttle.ConclusionsMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of adult nasal respiratory mucosa are widely exist in the nasal cavity and respiratory mucosa with multilineage differentiation potentials. The MSCs can be effectively applied as seed cells in the repair of bone and soft tissue injuries by autologous transplantation.It is worthy of clinical’s full attention.