Cochlear implant(CI) can help patients of all age groups suffering from sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL), especially severe and profound SNHL, retrieve acoustic information, and therefore improve their speech perception, quality of life and physical and mental health. Since many factors may have profound impacts on outcomes of cochlear implantation, the exploration of these factors is the main direction of clinical research. This article mainly introduces the factors that influence the effect of cochlear implantation through literature review.