ObjectiveTo explore the pre and postoperative voice function of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.MethodsThirtyeight patients (22 females and 16 males) undergoing total thyroidectomy were included. Their subjective and objective voice functions were evaluated by using voice handicap index simplified Chinese version (VHI10) scale, stroboscopic laryngoscopy and acoustic analysis software on one day before operation, 7 and 30 days after operation, respectively. The evaluation results were statistically analyzed.Results①Subjective evaluations showed that voice handicap index (VHI10) score of the 7th day after operation, in male patients, was higher than that of one day before operation, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), but the score difference between the 30th day after operation and one day before operation was statistically insignificant. In female patients, both VHI10 scores on the 7th and 30th days after operation were higher than that on one day before operation with statistically significant differences (both P<0.05). ②Objective evaluations revealed that the maximum phonation time (MPT) value of the 7th day after operation in male patients was lower than that of one day before operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In female patients, the MPT， fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, and dysphonia severity index (DSI) of the 7th day after operation were all worse than those of one day before operation, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The DSI and contact quotient (CQ) of the 30th day after operation in female patients were worse than those of one day before operation, and the differences were both statistically significant (both P<0.05).ConclusionAfter total thyroidectomy, the patients may have voice abnormality to some extent even without recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, especially in the female patients. Subjective and objective assessments of voice can provide the basis for monitoring voice function and rehabilitation training after thyroid surgery.