ObjectiveThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved to lower the age of cochlear implantation from 12 months to 9 months for children with bilateral, profound sensorineural hearing loss, indicating that earlier access to a cochlear implant will provide them with the hearing capabilities to develop speech and language at a trajectory similar to their hearing peers. Cochlear implantation in children 12 months of age and younger poses higher requirements on diagnosis, risk management in anesthesia, surgical technique, intraoperative monitoring and postoperative programming, and longterm safety, as well as challenges in the audiological assessment, intervention, and outcome measurement. Thus, welltrained medical and anesthesia teams are required to provide perioperative support.Bilateral, profound sensorineural hearing loss is still the essential indication for cochlear implantation in children 9 to 24 months of age. This paper focusing on the topics such as “indications and timing of cochlear implantation for children with congenital deafness” and “whether to try hearing aids before implantation”,so that otolaryngologists and audiologists should collaborate to conduct evidencebased medical research on cochlear implantation in children younger than 12 months in a deliberate, prudent and proactive manner.