The balance dysfunction caused by unilateral vestibular destruction leads to corresponding compensatory changes in a series of central nerve nuclei involved in balance perception and regulation. The balance compensation includes the coordination of activities between the contralateral vestibular nucleus and the affected vestibular nucleus, the compensatory regulation of the visual eye movement system, the compensatory changes of the cerebellum, the signal coordination of the brainstem reticular formation, the compensatory regulation of the inferior olive nucleus, compensatory thalamus sensation, the balance regulation of the cerebral cortex, and certain adaptive behavior changes, etc. Therefore, central balance compensations induced by unilateral vestibular destruction are related to all central nerve nuclei involved in the regulation of balance perception, which coordinate to complete a complex process of comprehensive compensatory regulation.