Objective To provide reference for timely diagnosis and treatment, it was analyze for the related factors of misdiagnosis and accompanied injuries of esophageal foreign bodies in children. Methods It was analyzed retrospectively for the data of the patients with esophageal foreign bodies admitted to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from March 2011 to March 2019. These data were collected including witness of foreign body ingestion, chemical characters, shape, X-ray penetrability, embedding time and accompanied injuries. According to the treatment history, the patients were divided into the timely diagnosis group (Group A) and the misdiagnosis group (Group B). The main complaints were divided into digestive tract symptoms, respiratory tract symptoms, other symptoms and asymptomatic. Esophageal accompanied injuries can be divided into grade 0, grade I, grade II and grade III. Results There were 398 cases of esophageal foreign body. The peak age of onset is 1 to 2 years old.The peak age of onset is 1 to 2 years old. The average age of the Group A (3.98±3.27) years old, and that of group B was (1.97±1.29) years old. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The rate of witness in the Group A was 92.4%, and that in the Group B was 20%. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The proportion of chief complaints of digestive tract symptoms was 81.3% in group A and 56.7% in group B respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The proportion of chief respiratory symptoms in group A was 1.4%, and that in group B was 36.7%, the difference between the two was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the embedding time, location, shape of foreign bodies and accompanied injuries (P<0.05). Among all chemical characters of foreign bodies, the complication rate of button battery (100.0%) and the rate of Ⅲ grade esophageal injury (33.3%) were the highest. Conclusion The main factors of misdiagnosis of esophageal foreign body in children are the young age, lack of witness and the difference of main symptoms. The accompanied injuries of esophageal foreign body were related to the embedding time, shape and type of foreign body. Button batteries are the most dangerous esophageal foreign body.