Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of tracheobronchial foreign bodies and analyze the application of multidisciplinary team work (MDT), multislice spiral computed tomography (MDCT), post-processing technology, anesthesia mode selection, rigid tracheoscopy and complication treatment as well as the precautions in the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial foreign bodies. Methods Clinical data of 319 patients suffering from tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies diagnosed by rigid bronchoscopy from Jan 1, 2016 to Dec 31, 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The analyzed data included clinical characteristics, preoperative diagnosis, surgical conditions and complications, precipitating factors and locations as well as the types of foreign bodies. Results In this study, MDT mode was to varying degrees applied to all the 319 patients. Of them, foreign bodies were successfully removed by hard bronchoscope in 317 and by thoracotomy in one pediatric case. The family of one pediatric patient gave up treatment due to persistent vegetative state after extraction of date pit with continuous external chest compression and balloon assisted breathing under the condition of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Conclusion MDT, MDCT and the choice of anesthesia mode play important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of foreign body in respiratory tract. Bronchoscopy should be performed as soon as possible for the confirmed or highly suspected patients. General anesthesia should reach a sufficient depth. Whether or not to sustain spontaneous ventilation is related to the size and location of the foreign body. Meticulous and accurate surgical operation, close observation of the patient's general condition are essential to reduce complications.