Sulcus vocalis can cause different degrees of voice disorders, and may have a great impact on patients' life and psychology in severe cases. Due to its unclear etiology and pathogenesis, scientific histological classification is crucial to the diagnosis and treatment. Ameliorating glottal insufficiency and restoring the vibratory function of vocal cord mucosa are the key to the treatment. Phonosurgery is the main treatment, treatment options also include pharmacotherapy and speech therapy, but the therapeutic effect is hampered. With the increasing demand of the public for voice quality and the technical innovation of inspection equipment as well as the developments of voice medicine, engineering tissue technology, molecular biology and regenerative medicine, sulcus vocalis has once again attracted the attention of voice workers, more standardized and precise treatment is expected. Therefore, the progress of diagnosis and treatment of sulcus vocalis is summarized in this paper.