Objective To explore the effectiveness of operation protocol report system applied in standardized residents training of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Methods Fifteen residents who had received standardized training at department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, XuanWu Hospita1, Capital Medical University during 2016 to 2020 were randomly divided into two groups. Control group (7 residents) were trained according to standardized residents training syllabus, while experimental group (8 residents) should prepared the operation protocol presentation and reported it before surgery, besides accomplished the training syllabus. The departmental rotation examination scores and annual test scores of two group were compared respectively to verify the training effectiveness. Results The average score of experimental group in departmental rotation examination was (92.44±2.41), higher than the score of control group (88.79±2.67) (P<0.05). The average score of experimental group in annual test was (85.87±3.64), higher than the score of control group (80.29±2.98) (P<0.05). In total, 397 cases of operation protocol were reported, and (49.62±17.20) on average. Conclusion By preparing and reporting the operation protocol, the residents’ basic theoretical knowledge and clinical thinking ability had been strengthened. For the problems of the operation protocol, teachers could give the specific guidance to the residents, and improve the teaching effect.