The histopathology of vocal cord leukoplakia is quite different, which is a common borderline disease in otolaryngology head and neck surgery. Due to the deterioration of the climate and the poor living habits of people in recent years, the incidence of vocal cord leukoplakia has increased. With the development of research at home and abroad, the treatment of vocal cord leukoplakia has made significant progress. The current treatment methods for vocal cord leukoplakia include conservative treatment, surgical treatment (including traditional cold instrument resection, CO₂ laser treatment, photovascular dissolution laser treatment), and other treatments.The latest research shows that while treating diseases, improving the quality of postoperative pronunciation and preventing disease progression will effectively improve the therapeutic effect of vocal cord leukoplakia. This article aims to analyze and compare the clinical efficacy of various treatments for vocal cord leukoplakia, which will provide references for clinicians to choose different treatments.