ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of anaphylactic rhinitis (AR) on cognitive function and emotion, and to explore the risk factors affecting the impairment of cognitive function in children.MethodsA total of 223 Chidren with AR in the People's Hospital of Suzhou New District were enrolled from January 2018 to August 2020. Their clinical baseline data were collected. And 220 control healthy children with matched age, sex and educational level were enrolled. All subjects received the following neuropsychological tests: Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), verbal fluency test, digit span test, block design test, Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC), and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC).ResultsCompared with the control group, the AR groups showed significantly lower scores of MoCA, verbal fluency, digit span, and block design (P < 0.05) and significantly higher scores on SASC and DSRSC (P < 0.05). In the AR group, MoCA score was negatively correlated with SASC score, DSRSC score, and the severity of AR (r=-0.346, -0.432, -0.479, respectively; P < 0.01).ConclusionsChildren with AR show impaired whole cognition, verbal fluency, memory, and executive function and have anxiety and depression. High levels of anxiety, depression, and severity of AR are risk factors for impaired cognitive function.