Objective To investigate the efficacy of trans-tympanic catheter insertion combined with eustachian tube insufflation in treatment of persistent otitis media with effusion (OME).Methods The clinical data of 98 children (127 ears) with chronic OME treated in Xuzhou Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from January 2018 to June 2020 were collected.And the clinical histories of all the patients were more than three months. The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the random digital method. There were 49 cases (59 ears) into the observation group (tympanic tube catheterization combined with eustachian tube dilation), and 49 cases (68 ears) into the control group (tympanic tube catheterization alone). The efficacy and complications of the two groups were compared.Results In the observation group of 49 cases (59 ears), 55 ears were cured,3 ears were improved,the total effective rate was 98.31%(58/59). In the control group of 49 cases (68 ears), 50 ears were cured, 9 ears were improved,the total effective rate was 86.76%(59/68). The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05).The two groups had no adverse effects such as tympanic membrane perforation, vertigo and middle ear infection.Conclusion When the conservative treatment of persistent otitis media effusion in children is ineffective, trans-tympanic catheter insertion should be performed first. If the efficacy is not satisfactory or Chronic relapses, trans-tympanic catheter insertion combined with eustachian tube insufflation can be selected.