Sudden deafness refers to the sudden occurrence of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss within 72 hours. The hearing loss is greater than 20dB in at least two adjacent frequencies. It is a common otological emergency. In recent years, the incidence of sudden deafness is on the rise in China, but the large-scale epidemiological data are still lacking. The mortality rate of this disease is very low, but it seriously affects the quality of human life and can even lead to lifelong disability. The pathogenesis of sudden deafness has not been completely clarified. Understanding and mastering the related factors affecting the development and prognosis of sudden deafness is of great significance for hearing recovery and prognosis assessment of patients. In recent years, the proportion of patients with sudden deafness with thyroid dysfunction is increasing, which has gradually attracted people's attention. This article reviews the research progress of the correlation between sudden deafness and thyroid function.