Objective To outline and analyze the clinical features,histopathological features and the treatment options of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a case of poorly differentiated primary thyroid mucoepidermoid carcinoma,along with a review of the related literature. Results In this case,the patient was treated with surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After four months of follow-up, mediastinal and axillary lymph nodes metastases and bone metastases occurred，and the patient died of multiple metastases and complications 6 months after operation. Conclusion：Mucoepidermoid carcinoma usually occurs in the salivary glands, but rarely in the thyroid gland, there is no relevant report in China.The origin of this disease is not clear, the histopathological composition is complex, and as there is no unified treatment plan at present,there is a need for effective individualized treatment measures. This case suggests that the curative effect of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not good in patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid who have lymph nodes metastasis or invasion of surrounding thyroid tissue before the operation.