Objective To screen children with seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) for allergen components and understand the allergenic components of pollen in children with AR.Methods Artemisia annua and artemisia sieversiana pollens were collected and pollen proteins were extracted. Taking serum from children with clinically confirmed AR and special immunoglobulin E (sIgE) positive for artemisia as primary antibody, western blotting was used to screen for allergenic components in pollen.Results Western blotting showed that three main bands of the protein extracts were specifically bound to sIgE, with relative molecular mass (Mr) of 12, 25, and 70 kDa, respectively.The 70 kDa allergen in Artemisia annua pollen was the most common allergen molecule in children with AR,with a positive detection rate of 85.19%, 25 kDa and 12 kDa allergens of 37.04% and 14.81%, respectively. The positive detection rate of 70 kDa allergen in Artemisia sieversiana was lower than that of Artemisia annua 51.85%(P<0.05), and the positive detection rates of 25 kDa and 12 kDa allergens were similar to those of Artemisia scutellaria (P>0.05). In addition, there were differences in the positive responses of the same serum to the two artemisia homologous allergens, and different children were sensitive to one or more allergen molecules.Conclusion With high sensitization rate of Artemisia annua pollen in AR children, it is recommended to increase the pollen component protein of Artemisia scutellaria, especially the 70 kDa allergen molecule, for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of pediatic AR.