Objective To investigate the recent evolution of common inhaled allergens and their distribution characteristics in different populations, and provide targeted guidance for allergic rhinitis (AR) prevention and treatment in Hunan province via analyzing the skin prick test (SPT) results of suspected AR patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the outpatient data and the SPT results for 11 common inhaled allergens from 6 276 suspected AR patients presented to Xiangya Hospital between January 2017 and December 2019. Characteristics were described in a stratified manner based on different years, gender, and age.Results A total of 5,178 AR patients showed positive SPT responses to at least one inhaled allergen. The sequence of the top three allergens from the highest to the lowest in positive rate was dust mites (96.81%), house dust mites (96.33%), and cockroaches (57.92%). Of the positive patients, co-sensitization to at least two allergens existed in 97.89%. The differences of overall allergen SPT positive rate were statistically insignificant among different year groups and different gender groups (P>0.05). The overall allergen SPT positive rates were significantly different among different age groups (P<0.05), showing a gradual decrease with increasing age. Further analysis revealed a decreasing trend for weed and an increasing trend for mould 1 over the three years of observation (P<0.05). In addition, the positive rates for weed and humulus in male patients were significantly higher than those in female patients (P<0.05), while the positive rate for animal hair in male patients was significantly lower than that in female patients (P<0.05). Among the 11 allergens, the positive rates of 8 allergens showed significant differences among different age groups, with the highest prevalence mainly in patients with age ≤20 years (P<0.05).Conclusions The top three SPT-positive allergens for the 6 276 suspected AR cases in Hunan province are dust mites, house dust mites, and cockroaches. The distribution characteristics of different positive allergens are different in different years, genders and ages. Effective prevention and treatment strategies should be developed based on the characteristics of common inhaled allergens for AR patients in this region.