objective：To analyze the relationship between the indwelling time of the ventilation tube and the curative effect and the risk factors of early exfoliation after eardrum catheterization in children with secretory otitis media.Method：The clinical diagnosis, treatment and follow-up data of 115 children (183 ears) who underwent myringotomy were analyzed retrospectively.Result：The average age of 115 cases (183 ears) who underwent tympanic membrane intubation was (4.68 ± 2.54) years old, most of them were between 3.5 and 7 years old, accounting for 86.57%. The indwelling time of ventilation tube in 183 ears after operation was mostly 3-18 months, with an average indwelling time of (9.43 ± 3.82) months,the average time of tracheal indwelling in 126 cured ears was (11.82 ± 3.11) months, and that in 57 untreated ears was (9.13 ± 3.21) months, with statistical difference (P<0.01); The recovery rate of patients with retention time<6 months was 51.92%, and that of patients with retention time ≥ 6 months was 75.58%. There was a difference between them (P<0.05).Single-factor chi-square analysis showed that significant collapse or thinning of the tympanic membrane, obstruction of the ventilation tube, postoperative middle ear infection, and early postoperative activity were related to the early fall of the ventilation tube after tympanic membrane intubation (P<0.05);Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that severe collapse or thinness of tympanic membrane during operation, blockage of ventilation tube after operation, middle ear infection after operation, delayed re-examination after operation, and early strong activity after operation were independent risk factors for early fall of ventilation tube after tympanic membrane intubation in children (P<0.05).Conclusion：After tympanic membrane intubation, the ventilation tube was prematurely removed or removed, resulting in a higher recurrence rate. Severe collapse or thinning of the tympanic membrane, blockage of the ventilation tube after operation, middle ear infection after operation, delayed re-examination after operation, and early strong activity after operation are the main risk factors, which should be paid attention to clinically.