Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and correlation of adenoid and tonsil hyperplasia with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (OSDB) in children by analyzing the data of patients with adenoid and/or tonsil hyperplasia requiring surgery.Methods Clinical data of 737 children who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy for OSDB due to adenoid and/or tonsil hyperplasia were extracted from the prospective case database. Gender, age, adenoid size and tonsil size were set as observation indexes. The data were analyzed statistically and related problems were discussed.Results ①In children with OSDB, the adenoid hyperplasia degree decreased with age, and the tonsil hyperplasia degree increased with age, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01). ②The average scores of adenoid and tonsil hyperplasia were significantly different (P＜0.01), and the adenoid hyperplasia degree was higher than that of tonsil hyperplasia degree. The difference was particularly striking among children younger than 6 years of age. ③The degree of adenoid and tonsil hyperplasia was not correlated with sex (all P＞0.05). ④The degree of adenoid hyperplasia was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.210, P＜0.01). The degree of tonsil hyperplasia was positively correlated with age (r=0.175, P＜0.01). Adenoid hyperplasia was negatively correlated with tonsil hyperplasia (r=-0.119, P=0.001).Conclusions Adenoid and tonsil hyperplasia have different trends and characteristics in children with OSDB. Adenoid hyperplasia degree is negatively correlated with age, tonsil hyperplasia degree is positively correlated with age. On the whole, adenoid hyperplasia is higher than tonsil hyperplasia, and the hyperplasia of adenoid contributes more to children’s OSDB than that of tonsil.