Objective Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC) has a wide range of applications in the field of speech recognition, but its application has not been reported in the field of voice analysis at home and abroad. This study intends to analyze its research value in voice analysis before and after vocal polyp surgery by extracting the MFCC index.Methods A total of 41 patients who underwent vocal polyp surgery in our hospital from January 2018 to August 2019 and received voice evaluation before and 1 month after the surgery were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, 21 normal subjects who had neither hoarseness nor vocal cord lesions were selected as the baseline control. The librosa speech processing package based on Python programming language was used for MFCC feature extraction. The mean value, variance and standard deviation of MFCC in each patient were extracted respectively. The paired sample t-test was used to compare the differences of the above MFCC features before and after surgery.Results The enrolled patients included 31 males and 10 females with an average age of (42.9±11.4) years. Their postoperative mean value, variance and standard deviation of MFCC got decreased significantly compared to the preoperative ones (6.81±2.05 vs 1.25±1.01, t=18.596, P=0.000; 1 019.66±295.87 vs 561.34±154.98, t=10.338, P=0.000; 34.37±6.63 vs 21.74±4.03, t=11.852, P=0.000). The differences of mean value, variance and standard deviation of MFCC between the patients one month after surgery and the normal subjects were statistically insignificant, indicating that the voice of most patients recovered well after surgery.Conclusions This study is the first to explore the value of MFCC in voice analysis before and after vocal polyp surgery. The characteristics of MFCC can be used as indexes to evaluate the voice recovery after vocal polyp surgery.