Objective To analyze the types and distribution characteristics of inhalant allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Chengdu, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of local AR patients.Methods From 2019 to 2022, suspected AR patients undergoing allergen testing at the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic of the Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu were registered, and clinical information was collected to classify allergen types and analyze their distribution characteristics in AR patients.Results A total of 12 486 patients completed clinical registration and were diagnosed with AR. Among them, the percentage of patients with single allergen was 43.31%, while the percentage of patients with dual or multiple allergens was 56.69%. The top three allergen types were dust mites, ragweed, and cat dander. Dust mites accounted for 69.80% of AR patients with single allergen. In the patients with single allergen AR of dust mite type, those with a reaction intensity of +++ or above accounted for 61.83%. The composition ratios of allergen species number in AR patients of different age groups were significantly different, and significant differences were observed in pairwise comparisons among age groups. The proportion of AR patients in 2-14 years old group was 38.49%, which was higher than those in 15-24 group (21.39%), 25-34 group (18.46%), 35-44 group (8.87%), and ≥45 group (12.79%). The proportion of dual or multiple allergen AR patients in the 2-14 years old group (70.02%) was significantly higher than those in the 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, and ≥45 years old groups (55.52%, 51.58%, 44.17%, and 34.56%, respectively). The proportions of dust mite allergen in the 2-14 and 15-24 years old groups (41.81%, 22.47%) were higher than those in the 25-34, 35-44, and ≥45 years old groups (15.45%, 8.34%, 11.94% respectively). Furthermore, the proportion of AR patients in summer and autumn was significantly higher than those in other seasons. The number of AR patients increased year by year with significant differences in the composition of allergen species among different years, and the composition ratios of dust mites and cat dander also showed increasing trends annually.Conclusions The number of confirmed AR patients in Chengdu has been increasing annually in recent years, with dust mites being the predominant inhalant allergen type. The peak season for AR is in summer and autumn. Children and adolescents are the main affected population, and are more prone to multiple allergies. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the health protection of susceptible populations.