Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common disease in otorhinolaryngology. The pathogenesis of CRSwNP is still fully unclear. CRSwNP is characterized by highly heterogeneous chronic inflammation of nasal cavity and sinus mucosa. Inflammatory changes have been widely regarded as the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. However, it is complex for the inflammatory regulatory network. Of which contain in their upstream factors, and it is not still understand to be involved in the inflammatory state of CRSwNP. Recent studies have found that microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in regulating the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. It may be involved in the process of the disease by means of epigenetic inheritance. This paper focuses on the possible role of miRNA in CRSwNP, especially its potential role in inflammatory environment changes, including its expression pattern, function and potential clinical application. We summarized the research progress of miRNA on inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms of CRSwNP, which provided a theoretical basis for further research.