Mitochondrial autophagy is a mechanism that removes damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through selective autophagy, thereby maintaining intracellular mitochondrial homeostasis as well as mitochondrial quality control. Laryngeal cancer (LC) is one of the common tumours of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and although the morbidity and mortality of laryngeal cancer patients have decreased after decades of continuous development, the prognosis of patients with advanced laryngeal cancer has not been significantly improved. More and more studies have shown that mitochondrial autophagy is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumours. Mitochondrial autophagy not only has an inhibitory effect on tumours, it also promotes tumour growth. This paper describes the research on the regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy, the relationship between mitochondrial autophagy and tumours, and the latest progress of mitochondrial autophagy and laryngeal cancer. The aim is to provide new therapeutic directions and targets for the treatment of laryngeal cancer, so as to better improve the prognosis of patients.