This article reports a case of misdiagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid gland in a young woman. The patient was a 33-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with a left anterior cervical mass of 6 months' duration and dysphagia of 2 months' duration, which was characterized as a neck mass (left). Prior to admission, an esophageal fistula was considered in an outside hospital, and anti-infective treatment was given for one month, with no improvement in symptoms. After admission, he underwent enhanced MRI and enhanced CT of the neck and surgical resection of the mass. The nature of the lesion could not be clarified in the first pathology report, and he underwent a variety of pathogen tests and was considered to have classical Hodgkin's lymphoma after repeated pathology consultations and discussions. After being transferred to the hematology department for staging and then chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy, the tumor was in complete remission.