Objective Exploring the effect and mechanism of lncRNA HCG11 on the malignant biological behavior of HEp-2 laryngeal cancer cells. Methods Through plasmid transfection, HEp-2 cells from human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were separated into a control and an HCG11 overexpression group, with NP69 nasopharyngeal epithelial cells serving as the normal control. Expression levels of HCG11 in these cell groups were assessed by QPCR. Cellular proliferation was measured via cloning formation assays, migration was monitored using scratch tests, apoptosis was identified through Annexin V/PI staining, and intracellular ROS levels were quantified with the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Mitochondrial structure was visualized under transmission electron microscopy, and the protein expression of PINK1, Parkin, the LC3 II/I ratio, and p62 was determined by Western blot. Results