Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is commonly seen in the gastrointestinal tract and lower respiratory tract. Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma (LNEC) belongs to the atypical site of NEC and is an invasive and potentially metastatic malignant tumor that is rare in clinical practice. This article reports a 76 year old male patient who was visited in the Department of Otolaryngology at the Affiliated South China Hospital of Shenzhen University. Imaging examination suggested the possibility of pharyngeal cancer. Under general anesthesia, plasma resection of pharyngeal tumor under laryngoscope was performed, and postoperative pathology showed moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma and atypical carcinoid carcinoma. The postoperative sore throat was relieved, and follow-up for 3 months showed good recovery without tumor recurrence. This article summarizes the characteristics of this case, reviews and summarizes relevant literature, and introduces the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, pathological diagnosis, treatment methods, and prognosis of LNEC.