Olfactory dysfunction is one of the common complaints of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Olfactory dysfunction not only reduces the patient’s quality of life, but even cause adverse emotions such as anxiety and depression. Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) has an important role in the treatment of CRS. A large number of studies at home and abroad have shown that the effective rate of ESS for olfactory improvement in CRS patients with olfactory dysfunction ranges from 25% to 100%, with a wide range of variation. Moreover, various subjective and objective indicators affecting the olfactory function of CRS patients are also issues of clinical concern. This paper reviews the research progress on the factors influencing olfactory function after nasal endoscopic surgery in CRS patients. The aims to provide assistance for clinical treatment of CRS.