Cochlear implantation can help postlingually deafened adults regain their auditory function . It is currently one of the primary treatment methods for patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss who do not respond to hearing aids or do not respond well. However, there is significant individual variability in postoperative rehabilitation outcomes. Currently, at home and abroad, it is commonly used for speech perception tests, categories of auditory performance, and speech intelligibility Index to assess postoperative rehabilitation effects of postlingually deafened adults after cochlear implantation. Combining speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale and Quality of Life assessment scales can offer a more comprehensive evaluation dimensions. Previous research results have shown that postoperative intervention factors are the important influencing factors, especially the mapping scheme for the postoperative rehabilitation effect of postlingually deafened adults after cochlear implantation. With the development of society and increasing demands for lifelong auditory health, adult hearing issues have received more and more attention. It has become a crucial issue for enhancing hearing, speech, quality of life, and social support through mapping to maximize benefits in the rehabilitation of postlingually deafened adults after cochlear implantation. This paper outlines the research progress on the correlation between cochlear implant mapping and postoperative effects in postlingually deafened adults.