Objective To investigate the factors affecting the effect of voice correction therapy for benign voice disorders from the multidimensional variables of clinical characteristics and the patients’ sociological characteristics. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 262 patients with benign voice disorders who received voice correction therapy at the Voice Clinic of the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January, 2020 to November, 2023. The above-mentioned patients were divided into the effective group and the ineffective group according to the follow-up results. Statistical analysis using SPSS 25.0 software was conducted to determine the impacts of clinical characteristics of the disease, the sociological characteristics of the patients, and the number of treatments on the treatment outcome. Results The total effective rate of 262 patients receiving voice correction therapy was 88.17%. Univariate analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, occupation, education level, residential address, urban-rural distribution, annual income level, and history of smoking and alcohol consumption.Multivariate analysis indicated that the age, type of disease, number of treatments, dysphonia severtity index, voice handicap index-10 score, B score and S score in the grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain assessment showed statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions Patients who respond effectively to voice correction therapy tend to have a shorter history and higher voice handicap index-10 scores. The voice correction therapy for functional voice disorders is more effective than that for organic diseases. Patients with higher compliance and more times of receiving voice correction therapy have better therapeutic effects. Advanced age and high B and S scores are unfavorable factors for the outcome of voice correction, while a high dysphonia severtity index score is a favorable factor.