Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the potential correlation between phosphorus and calcium levels and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) . Materials and Methods This study included 353 children with AH who underwent surgery as the study group, and 89 children hospitalized for other diseases during the same period as the control group. Collected Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations and demographic data, and the mean calcium and phosphorus levels between the two groups was compared. Results The mean calcium and phosphorus concentration were 2.40±0.10 mmol/L and 1.67±0.16 mmol/L in the AH group, respectively, compared with 2.38±0.09 mmol/L (P=0.141) and 1.60±0.21 mmol/L (P=0.002) in the control group. The degree of tonsil hypertrophy had no significant effect on the calcium (F=0.886, P=0.498) and? phosphorus(F=0.017, P=0.983) level in children with AH. The BMI of children with AH were positively correlated with phosphorus (r=0.554,P=0.000). The phosphorus level was affected by the onset time of AH, and the <1 y, 1-2 y and ≥3 y groups were 1.66±0.16 mmol/L、1.68±0.14 mmol/L and 1.75±0.15 mmol/L, respectively , the difference was statistically significant (F=7.287,P=0.001). Conclusion: The serum phosphorus level in children with adenoid hypertrophy is significantly increased. It has no obvious relationship with the degree of tonsillar hypertrophy, but is positively correlated with the BMI, and shows a gradually increasing trend with the increase of disease duration.